| 1. | Cross-overs have occurred independently of each other between pair of homologous chromosomes .
交换现象独立地在每一对同源染色体之间发生。 |
| 2. | An aneuploid state in which a third homologous chromosome is present in addition to the normal autosomal pair is called trisomy .
除了正常染色体对以外，还存在有第二种同源染色体的非整倍体状态，被称为三体性。 |
| 3. | If both of a pair of homologous chromosomes are missing , nullisomy results
如果一对同源染色体都缺失了，称为缺体。 |
| 4. | Homologous chromosomes have chromomeres in identical places along their length
同源染色体在相同的部位具有染色粒。 |
| 5. | Non - homologous chromosome
异源染色体 |
| 6. | Bivalent describing any pair of homologous chromosomes when they pair up during meiosis
二价染色体：在减数分裂中配对时的任意一对同源染色体。 |
| 7. | Pachytene in meiosis , the stage in mid - prophase that is characterized by the contraction of paired homologous chromosomes
粗线期：减数第一次分裂前中期中的一个阶段，以配对同源染色体浓缩为特征。 |
| 8. | Locus ( pl . loci ) the position of a gene on a chromosome . alleles of the same gene occupy the equivalent locus on homologous chromosomes
基因位点，基因座：基因在染色体上的位置。等位基因位于同源染色体相对应的位点上。 |
| 9. | Synapsis ( pairing ) the association of homologous chromosomes during the prophase stage of meiosis that leads to the production of a haploid number of bivalents
联会（配对） ：能产生单倍二价体的减数分裂前期，同源染色体的联合现象。 |
| 10. | Segregation the separation of the two alleles of a gene into different gametes , brought about by the separation of homologous chromosomes at anaphase 1 of meiosis
分离：同源染色体在细胞减数分裂后期中向细胞极迁移，使等位基因最终分向不同配子。 |
